CHAPTER 2
Expressing Present Time (Part 1)
2-8 SUMMARY: SPELLING AND
PRONUNCIATION OF –S AND -ES
|
SPELLING PRONUNCIATION |
|
|
(a) rub > rubs rub/z/
ride > rides ride/z/
smile > smiles smile/z/
dream > dreams dream/z/
run > runs run/z/
wear > wears wear/z/
drive > drives drive/z/
see > sees see/z/
snow > snows snow/z/ (b) drink > drinks drink/s/
sleep > sleeps sleep/s/
write > writes write/s/
laugh > laughs laugh/s/ |
To
form a simple present verb in 3rd person singular, you usually add only –s,
as in (a) and (b). |
|
In
(a): -s is pronounced /z/.
The final sounds in (a) are voiced. |
|
|
In
(b): -s is pronounced /s/.
The final sounds in (b) are voiceless. |
|
|
(c) push > pushes push/ǝz/
teach > teaches teach/ǝz/
kiss > kisses kiss/ǝz/
fix > fixes fix/ǝz/ |
End
of verb : -sh, -ch, -ss, -x Spelling : add –es Pronunciation : /ǝz/ |
|
(d) cry > cries cry/z/
study > studies study/z/ |
End
of verb : consonant + -y Pronunciation : change y to i,
add -es |
|
(e) pay > pays pay/z/
buy > buys buy/z/ |
End
of verb : vowel + -y Pronunciation : add -s |
|
(f) have > has /hǝz/
go > goes /gowz/
do > does /dǝz/ |
The
3rd person singular forms of have, go, and
do are irregular. |
Exercise:
Complete the sentences.
Use the words in parentheses. Use the SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE. Pay special
attention to singular and plural, to spelling, and to pronunciation of final –s/-es.
1. The
students (ask, often) often ask question in class.
2. Pablo
(study, usually) _____________ at the
library every evenimg.
3. Olga
(bite) _____________ her fingernails
when she is nervous.
4. Doni
(cash) _____________ a check at the
bank once a week.
5. Ms.
Jones and Mr. Anderson (teach) _____________
at the local high school. Ms. Jones (teach)
_____________ math.
6. Birds
(fly) _____________. They (have) _____________wings.
7. It (be) _____________ too much trouble. But my friend Sam (love) _____________ to cook.
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